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Tach Gayint
Tach Gayint (Amharic "Lower Gayint") is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Gondar Zone, Tach Gayint is bordered on the south by the Bashilo River which separates it from the Debub Wollo Zone, on the west by Simada, on the north by Lay Gayint, and on the east by the Checheho River which separates it from the Semien Wollo Zone. The major town in Tach Gayint is Arb Gebeya.
== Overview ==
The elevations of this woreda range from 750 to 2800 meters above sea level; about 23% is classified lowland, 63% mid-level, and 23.7% uplands. Rivers and streams include the Futan. The topography of Tach Gayint is distinguished by gullies and rugged terrain covering 54% of its surface, while mountains cover 23% and plains 22%. Above all a significant portion of the arable land is degraded.〔Sileshi Tessera, ("The Role of Traditional Local Institutions to Improve the Livelihood of Rural Community: the Case of Tachgayint Wereda, ANRS" ), Master's Thesis, Graduate School of the University of Addis Ababa (July 2006) pp. 38f〕 Deforestation is a serious problem in Tach Gayint, and it has been increasing rapidly. Once all of the trees had been cut for firewood, locals then turned to extracting the roots, which has critically damaged the soil in this woreda. As Sileshi Tessera writes in his study, "Tach Gayint has been virtually stripped of vegetation."〔Sileshi Tessera,"The Role", p. 42〕 A sample survey reveals that the total area of ''berha'' (farmland apart from the homestead) is 31,386.37 hectares (31.5%), common grazing land is 8,107.11 hectares (8.1%) and of ''wojed'' (gardens around the homestead) is 46,174.03 hectares (46.4%). The major agricultural crops in Tach Gayint include: cereals such as teff (42,873 quintals harvested in 2005), barley (31,134 quintals) and wheat (20,027 quintals); pulses such as fava beans (5,174 quintals), field peas (3,576 quintals), haricot beans (3,037 quintals), and chick peas (1,334 quintals); vegetables such as potatoes (18,874 quintals); bananas (1,637 quintals) and hops (2,163 quintals).〔Tach Gayint Woreda office of Agriculture, as quoted in Sileshi, "The Role", p. 45. Percentages are calculated against Sileshi's figure of 994.84 square kilometers as the area of this woreda, which is at variance with the figure given by the CSA below.〕
Due to the extreme poverty endemic in this woreda, Sileshi Tessera noted the importance of local social institutions, which redistributes food to needy members. The most important -- and popular -- is the ''iddir'', which was adopted in Tach Gayint only six or seven years before Sileshi's study. Other social institutions present include the ''mahiber'', ''iqqub'', and the ''sebeka-gubae''; the last two also provides cash funds to needy members. On the other hand, modern assistance institutions, for example microfinance programs, have proven less successful.〔Discussed in Sileshi, "The Role", pp. 55-88〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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